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rootnode-academy/content/root/root-02-linux-administration-networking/m03-networking-mental-model/02-demonstration-three-failure-signatures.md
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ced4568andClaude Sonnet 5 e007bcf000 feat(root02): author Linux Administration & Networking
Adds all 6 ROOT 02 modules (Linux system administration, storage & filesystems, the
Networking Mental Model, Linux network inspection, DNS & HTTP, Linux troubleshooting) — 37
activities, each with a real lesson, demonstration/guided exercise, knowledge check, hands-on
Lab, and reflection. The Networking Mental Model module (M3) gets deliberately extra depth per
its "critical module" designation, with no lab by design — conceptual mastery via knowledge
check and guided exercise, matching root-05-m00's own precedent.

Adds 6 new hands-on Linux/networking scenarios plus 2 MCQs: linux-service-inspection (inspects
the platform's own real nginx without touching it — a genuinely safe, real service-inspection
target that avoids ever risking the Lab's own connectivity), linux-service-lifecycle (start/
verify/stop a fully controllable service), linux-storage-inspection, linux-network-inspection
(ip/ss/getent/curl, each framed as answering one specific diagnostic question),
linux-dns-http-diagnosis (a genuine DNS-resolves-but-wrong-port failure, diagnosed and fixed),
and linux-troubleshooting-framework (a real missing-config-file failure, resolved via the
RootNode Observe/Evidence/Hypothesis/Test/Repair/Validate/Prevent framework). All tested
end-to-end via the real scenario-validation API, including negative tests confirming they fail
when unsolved.

Wires rootnode-linux-networking-assessment (2 required + 4 random-draw scenarios) using the
existing Phase 3B assessment engine.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <[email protected]>
2026-08-26 17:07:46 -05:00

1.8 KiB

Demonstration: Three Failures That Sound Similar But Aren't

OBSERVE

All three of these LOOK like "it didn't work" — but each one rules out and rules in completely different layers.

$ curl http://this-name-does-not-resolve.invalid/
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: this-name-does-not-resolve.invalid

HYPOTHESIS

Which layer does THIS failure point at — DNS, routing, the port, or the application itself?

INSPECT

"Could not resolve host" happens BEFORE any network connection is even attempted — it's purely a DNS failure. No IP was ever found to connect to.

CHANGE

Now a different failure, against a name that DOES resolve:

$ curl http://localhost:9999/
curl: (7) Failed to connect to localhost port 9999: Connection refused

DNS/name resolution already succeeded here (localhost always resolves). "Connection refused" means a TCP packet reached the destination and was ACTIVELY rejected — almost always because nothing is listening on that port.

VERIFY

A third signature, distinct from both:

$ curl http://10.255.255.1:80/
curl: (28) Failed to connect to 10.255.255.1 port 80: Connection timed out

No response at all, not even a rejection — usually means the destination is unreachable (no route, or blocked silently), not that something is running but declining you.

Instructor Notes

Demo goal: Get students to viscerally distinguish these three error MESSAGES as three different diagnostic starting points, not interchangeable "it's broken" signals.

Approximate timing: 10 minutes live.

Common mistake to watch for: treating every connection failure as "the network is down" — each of these three messages should immediately narrow which layer to investigate next, per Module 5's troubleshooting exercise.