{
  "id": "cks-non-root-enforce",
  "title": "Enforce Non-Root Container",
  "category": "Workload Security",
  "difficulty": "Medium",
  "type": "task",
  "weight": 5,
  "description": "## Enforce Non-Root Execution\n\nRunning containers as root is one of the most common security misconfigurations. Kubernetes provides `runAsNonRoot` and `runAsUser` to enforce this at the pod level.\n\n**Your task:**\n\nCreate a Pod named `nonroot-pod` in the `default` namespace using the `busybox:1.36` image (command: `sleep 3600`) with the following security configuration:\n\n- Pod-level `securityContext`:\n  - `runAsNonRoot: true`\n  - `runAsUser: 10001`\n  - `runAsGroup: 10001`\n- Container-level `securityContext`:\n  - `allowPrivilegeEscalation: false`\n  - `readOnlyRootFilesystem: true`\n- An `emptyDir` volume mounted at `/tmp` so the process has writable scratch space.\n\n```bash\n# Verify:\nkubectl get pod nonroot-pod -o jsonpath='{.spec.securityContext}'\n```",
  "hints": [
    {
      "title": "Combine Pod and Container securityContext",
      "body": "Put runAsNonRoot, runAsUser, and runAsGroup in the pod-level securityContext. Put allowPrivilegeEscalation and readOnlyRootFilesystem in the container-level securityContext.",
      "command": "cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata:\n  name: nonroot-pod\nspec:\n  securityContext:\n    runAsNonRoot: true\n    runAsUser: 10001\n    runAsGroup: 10001\n  containers:\n  - name: app\n    image: busybox:1.36\n    command: [\"sleep\", \"3600\"]\n    securityContext:\n      allowPrivilegeEscalation: false\n      readOnlyRootFilesystem: true\n    volumeMounts:\n    - name: tmp-dir\n      mountPath: /tmp\n  volumes:\n  - name: tmp-dir\n    emptyDir: {}\nEOF"
    }
  ],
  "setup_commands": [],
  "validation": {
    "commands": [
      {
        "description": "Pod 'nonroot-pod' exists",
        "command": "kubectl get pod nonroot-pod -o jsonpath='{.metadata.name}'",
        "expected_output": "nonroot-pod",
        "match": "exact"
      },
      {
        "description": "runAsNonRoot is true",
        "command": "kubectl get pod nonroot-pod -o jsonpath='{.spec.securityContext.runAsNonRoot}'",
        "expected_output": "true",
        "match": "exact"
      },
      {
        "description": "runAsUser is 10001",
        "command": "kubectl get pod nonroot-pod -o jsonpath='{.spec.securityContext.runAsUser}'",
        "expected_output": "10001",
        "match": "exact"
      },
      {
        "description": "allowPrivilegeEscalation is false",
        "command": "kubectl get pod nonroot-pod -o jsonpath='{.spec.containers[0].securityContext.allowPrivilegeEscalation}'",
        "expected_output": "false",
        "match": "exact"
      },
      {
        "description": "readOnlyRootFilesystem is true",
        "command": "kubectl get pod nonroot-pod -o jsonpath='{.spec.containers[0].securityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem}'",
        "expected_output": "true",
        "match": "exact"
      }
    ]
  },
  "default_namespace": "default",
  "teardown_commands": [
    {
      "command": "kubectl delete pod nonroot-pod --ignore-not-found --grace-period=0 --force"
    }
  ]
}