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Abhinav Sinha
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# KubeKosh Configuration Schema Reference
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KubeKosh uses two primary JSON files to define its curriculum, learning paths, and exam configurations:
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1. **Bundles (`scenarios/bundles.json`)**: Defines the high-level study bundles (e.g., CKA, CKAD, CKS), active highlights, durations for exams, and lists of included scenarios.
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2. **Scenarios (`scenarios/scenarios.json`)**: Defines individual exercises, hands-on tasks, multiple-choice questions (MCQs), environment preparations, and automated validation scripts.
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---
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## 1. Bundles Schema (`scenarios/bundles.json`)
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Bundles are defined as a JSON array of objects. Each bundle organizes a learning track or mock exam.
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### Schema Fields
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* **`id`** *(string, required)*: A unique, kebab-case identifier for the bundle (e.g., `k8s-basics`).
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* **`name`** *(string, required)*: The human-readable name of the bundle shown in navigation (e.g., `Kubernetes Basics`).
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* **`icon`** *(string, required)*: An emoji or glyph representing the bundle (e.g., `🌱`).
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* **`tagline`** *(string, required)*: A short summary of the bundle's objectives.
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* **`color`** *(string, required)*: Hex color code representing the bundle's UI identity/accent color (e.g., `#3fb950`).
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* **`colorDim`** *(string, required)*: Translucent RGBA color matching the accent color at low opacity, used for UI row highlighting (e.g., `rgba(63,185,80,0.12)`).
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* **`exam_minutes`** *(number, required)*: The time limit allocated for the mock exam in minutes (e.g., `60`).
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* **`scenario_ids`** *(array of strings, required)*: List of scenario IDs belonging to this bundle in the order they should appear.
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### Example Bundle
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```json
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{
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"id": "k8s-basics",
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"name": "Kubernetes Basics",
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"icon": "🌱",
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"tagline": "Core concepts for beginners",
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"color": "#3fb950",
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"colorDim": "rgba(63,185,80,0.12)",
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"exam_minutes": 60,
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"scenario_ids": [
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"pod-basics-mcq",
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"kubectl-essentials-mcq",
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"namespaces-basics",
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"deploy-nginx"
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]
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}
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```
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---
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## 2. Scenarios Schema (`scenarios/scenarios.json`)
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Scenarios are defined as a JSON array of objects. A scenario can be either a hands-on console challenge (`"task"`) or a multiple-choice question (`"mcq"`).
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### Common Fields (All Types)
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```jsonc
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{
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"id": "unique-kebab-case-id", // string — unique scenario identifier
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"title": "Human-readable Title", // string — shown in sidebar list
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"category": "Workloads", // string — groups scenarios in sidebar accordion
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"difficulty": "Easy", // "Easy" | "Medium" | "Hard"
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"type": "task", // "task" | "mcq"
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"weight": 7, // number — points value (used for final grade scoring)
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"description": "## Markdown...", // string — problem statement supporting GitHub-flavored Markdown
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"hints": [...], // array — see Hints schema below
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"setup_commands": [...], // array<object> — commands run on environment preparation
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"teardown_commands": [...], // array<object> — optional — cleanup commands run after scenario completes
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"default_namespace": "default" // string — optional — default active namespace for the terminal
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}
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```
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---
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### Hints Schema
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Each hint is rendered as a collapsible card inside the Hints tab of the UI:
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```jsonc
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{
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"title": "Short title for the hint card",
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"body": "Explanation text (plain text, no markdown format).",
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"command": "kubectl run nginx --image=nginx" // optional — renders a copyable code block
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}
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```
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---
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### Setup & Teardown Commands
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* **`setup_commands`**: Executed sequentially on the Kubernetes cluster when the user starts a scenario or clicks **"Prepare Environment"**. Useful for pre-deploying resources or injecting bugs.
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* **`teardown_commands`**: Optional cleanup commands run when moving away from or resetting a scenario.
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* Commands must be **objects** with a `command` key:
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```jsonc
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"setup_commands": [
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{ "command": "kubectl create namespace debug" },
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{ "command": "kubectl create deployment broken-app --image=nginx:1.25 -n debug" }
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]
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```
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* *Note:* Non-zero exit codes are tolerated (e.g., "namespace already exists" errors won't halt the pipeline). All commands execute as `root`.
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---
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### Type: `"task"` — Hands-On Scenario
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Requires the user to run shell commands in the interactive terminal. The system runs an automated validation sequence to check the cluster state.
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```jsonc
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{
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"type": "task",
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"validation": {
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"description": "Check that deployment has been correctly configured",
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"commands": [
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{
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"description": "Checks the running pods count",
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"command": "kubectl get deploy nginx -o jsonpath='{.status.readyReplicas}'",
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"expected_output": "3",
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"match": "exact" // "exact" | "contains" | "regex"
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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#### Match Modes
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| Mode | Behaviour |
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| :--- | :--- |
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| `exact` | Trimmed stdout must exactly equal `expected_output`. |
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| `contains` | stdout must contain `expected_output` as a substring. |
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| `not_contains` | stdout must **not** contain `expected_output` as a substring. |
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| `regex` | stdout must match the regular expression in `expected_output`. |
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---
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### Type: `"mcq"` — Multiple Choice Question
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Renders a questionnaire block. No terminal is shown. The user answers by selecting an option.
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```jsonc
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{
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"type": "mcq",
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"options": [
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{ "id": "a", "text": "Option A explanation" },
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{ "id": "b", "text": "Option B explanation" },
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{ "id": "c", "text": "Option C explanation" },
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{ "id": "d", "text": "Option D explanation" }
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],
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"correct_option": "c", // must match one of the option IDs
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"explanation": "Detailed explanation of why C is the correct answer." // shown after submitting
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}
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```
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---
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## 3. Full Examples
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### Full Example — Hands-On Task Scenario
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```json
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{
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"id": "scale-deployment",
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"title": "Scale a Deployment",
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"category": "Workloads",
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"difficulty": "Easy",
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"type": "task",
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"weight": 4,
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"description": "## Scale the Deployment\n\nA deployment named `myapp` exists in the `default` namespace.\n\n**Scale it to 5 replicas.**",
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"hints": [
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{
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"title": "Using kubectl scale",
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"body": "The scale subcommand lets you change the replica count imperatively.",
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"command": "kubectl scale deployment myapp --replicas=5"
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}
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],
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"setup_commands": [
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{ "command": "kubectl create deployment myapp --image=nginx:1.25 --replicas=1" }
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],
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"teardown_commands": [
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{ "command": "kubectl delete deployment myapp --ignore-not-found" }
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],
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"default_namespace": "default",
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"validation": {
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"description": "Checks that myapp has 5 ready replicas.",
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"commands": [
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{
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"description": "myapp has 5 ready replicas",
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"command": "kubectl get deployment myapp -o jsonpath='{.status.readyReplicas}'",
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"expected_output": "5",
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"match": "exact"
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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### Full Example — MCQ Scenario
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```json
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{
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"id": "service-types-mcq",
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"title": "Kubernetes Service Types",
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"category": "Networking",
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"difficulty": "Easy",
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"type": "mcq",
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"weight": 3,
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"description": "## Kubernetes Service Types\n\nWhich `kubectl` command creates a ClusterIP service named `my-svc` exposing port 80 for a deployment named `my-app`?",
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"options": [
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{ "id": "a", "text": "kubectl expose deployment my-app --name=my-svc --port=80 --type=ClusterIP" },
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{ "id": "b", "text": "kubectl create service my-svc --port=80" },
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{ "id": "c", "text": "kubectl apply service my-app --port=80" },
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{ "id": "d", "text": "kubectl expose pod my-app --name=my-svc --port=80 --type=NodePort" }
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],
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"correct_option": "a",
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"explanation": "`kubectl expose deployment` is the correct imperative command. It creates a Service targeting the deployment's pods. `--type=ClusterIP` is the default but explicit here for clarity.",
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"hints": [
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{
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"title": "kubectl expose syntax",
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"body": "Use kubectl expose to create a Service from an existing resource. Specify the resource type, name, port, and service type.",
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"command": "kubectl expose deployment my-app --name=my-svc --port=80 --type=ClusterIP"
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}
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],
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"setup_commands": [],
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"teardown_commands": [],
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"default_namespace": "default"
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}
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```
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[
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{
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"id": "k8s-basics",
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"name": "Kubernetes Basics",
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"icon": "\ud83c\udf31",
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"tagline": "Core concepts for beginners",
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"color": "#3fb950",
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"colorDim": "rgba(63,185,80,0.12)",
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"exam_minutes": 60,
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"scenario_ids": [
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"pod-basics-mcq",
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"kubectl-essentials-mcq",
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"labels-selectors-mcq",
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"init-containers-mcq",
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"namespaces-basics",
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"deploy-nginx",
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"scale-deployment",
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"rolling-update-task",
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"liveness-probe-task",
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"jobs-cronjobs-mcq",
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"daemonset-mcq",
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"configmap-volume",
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"resource-limits-task",
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"env-vars-configmap",
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"secrets-basics",
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"services-mcq",
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"multi-container-pod-basics",
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"expose-service-basics",
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"pod-labeling-basics",
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"extract-logs-basics",
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"edit-deployment-basics",
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"jsonpath-basics",
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"dry-run-manifest-basics",
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"delete-by-label-basics",
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"kubectl-cp-basics",
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"exec-command-basics"
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "k8s-admin",
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"name": "Kubernetes Administrator",
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"icon": "\ud83e\uddd1\u200d\u2708\ufe0f",
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"tagline": "CKA exam \u2014 cluster administration",
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"color": "#58a6ff",
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"colorDim": "rgba(88,166,255,0.12)",
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"exam_minutes": 120,
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"scenario_ids": [
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"rbac-role",
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"rbac-clusterrole",
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"serviceaccount-pod",
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"node-label-selector",
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"node-taint-toleration",
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"resource-quota-ns",
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"limitrange-task",
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"etcd-backup-mcq",
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"cluster-upgrade-mcq",
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"deployment-rollback",
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"cronjob-task",
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"job-task",
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"readiness-probe-task",
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"pod-affinity-mcq",
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"nodeport-task",
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"ingress-task",
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"dns-resolution-mcq",
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"endpoint-fix-task",
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"networkpolicy-egress",
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"network-policy",
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"storageclass-mcq",
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"pvc-dynamic-task",
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"emptydir-pod",
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"pv-pvc-mount",
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"pod-security-context",
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"broken-deployment",
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"crashloop-fix",
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"container-logging-mcq"
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "k8s-appdev",
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"name": "Kubernetes Developer",
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"icon": "\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f",
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"tagline": "CKAD exam \u2014 application development",
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"color": "#bc8cff",
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"colorDim": "rgba(188,140,255,0.12)",
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"exam_minutes": 120,
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"scenario_ids": [
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"pod-basics-mcq",
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"kubectl-essentials-mcq",
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"namespaces-basics",
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"labels-selectors-mcq",
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"deploy-nginx",
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"scale-deployment",
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"rolling-update-task",
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"deployment-rollback",
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"liveness-probe-task",
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"readiness-probe-task",
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"configmap-volume",
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"env-vars-configmap",
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"secrets-basics",
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"resource-limits-task",
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"cronjob-task",
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"job-task",
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"emptydir-pod",
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"pvc-dynamic-task",
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"services-mcq",
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"nodeport-task",
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"ingress-task",
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"rbac-role",
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"pod-security-context",
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"crashloop-fix",
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"container-logging-mcq"
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "k8s-security",
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"name": "Kubernetes Security",
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"icon": "\ud83d\udee1",
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"tagline": "CKS exam \u2014 hardening and threats",
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"color": "#f97316",
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"colorDim": "rgba(249,115,22,0.12)",
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"exam_minutes": 120,
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"scenario_ids": [
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"cks-network-policy",
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"cks-pod-security-context",
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"cks-rbac-least-privilege",
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"cks-seccomp-profile",
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"cks-immutable-secret",
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"cks-apparmor-profile",
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"cks-automount-token",
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"cks-network-policy-metadata",
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"cks-rbac-clusterrole",
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"cks-psa-namespace",
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"cks-mcq-runtime-security",
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"cks-mcq-api-server",
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"cks-mcq-image-footprint",
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"cks-mcq-psp-replacement",
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"cks-mcq-kubelet-auth",
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"cks-readonly-filesystem",
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"cks-drop-capabilities",
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"cks-tls-ingress",
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"cks-image-pull-secret",
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"cks-mcq-sandboxing",
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"cks-mcq-audit-policy"
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]
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}
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]
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